Orthodontic main topics.

Growth and development

Björk A. Facial growth in man; x-ray studies with implanted metal indicators]. Tandlaegebladet. 1955 Feb;59(2):55-66

Bjork A, palling M. Adolescent age changes in sagittal jaw relation, alveolar prognathy, and incisal inclination. Acta Odontol Scand. 1955 Feb;12(3-4):201-32. 

Björk A. Prediction of mandibular growth rotation. Am J Orthod. 1969 Jun;55(6):585-99.

Björk A, Skieller V. Facial development and tooth eruption. An implant study at the age of puberty. Am J Orthod. 1972 Oct;62(4):339-83.

Björk A, Skieller V. Growth of the maxilla in three dimensions as revealed radiographically by the implant method. Br J Orthod. 1977 Apr;4(2):53-64.

Björk A, Skieller V. Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years. Eur J Orthod. 1983 Feb;5(1):1-46.

Carlson DS. Theories of craniofacial growth in the postgenomic era. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:172–183.

Leslie LR, Southard TE, Southard KA, et al. Prediction of mandibular growth rotation: assessment of the Skieller, Björk, and Linde-Hansen method. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(6):659-667

Springate S. Natural reference structures in the human maxilla: a systematic search in children with tantalum implants. J Orthod. 2015 Mar;42(1):14-21. 

Sullivan PG. Prediction of the pubertal growth spurt by measurement of standing height. Eur J Orthod. 1983 Aug;5(3):189-97.

Skieller V, Björk A, Linde-Hansen T. Prediction of mandibular growth rotation evaluated from a longitudinal implant sample. Am J Orthod. 1984 Nov;86(5):359-70.

Solow B. The dentoalveolar compensatory mechanism: background and clinical implications. Br J Orthod. 1980 Jul;7(3):145-61.

Solow B, Houston WJ. Mandibular rotations: concepts and terminology. Eur J Orthod. 1988 Aug;10(3):177-9.

Vig KW. Nasal obstruction and facial growth: the strength of evidence for clinical assumptions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Jun;113(6):603-11.

Woodside DG, Linder-Aronson S, Lundstrom A, McWilliam J. Mandibular and maxillary growth after changed mode of breathing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991 Jul;100(1):1-18.

 

Etiology of malocclusion

Fleming PS, DiBiase AT, Cobourne MT. The aetiology of malocclusion: A contemporary view. Orth Update. 2008;1:16-21.

Ingervall B, Thilander B. Relation between facial morphology and activity of the masticatory muscles. J Oral Rehabil. 1974 Apr;1(2):131-47. 

Mossey PA. The heritability of malocclusion: part 2. The influence of genetics in malocclusion. Br J Orthod. 1999 Sep;26(3):195-203. 

Proffit WR. Equilibrium theory revisited: factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod. 1978 Jul;48(3):175-86. 

 

Development of the occlusion + Functional occlusion

Ades AG, Joondeph DR, Little RM, Chapko MK. A long-term study of the relationship of third molars to changes in the mandibular dental arch. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990 Apr;97(4):323-35

Andrews LF. The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972 Sep;62(3):296-309.

Clark JR, Evans RD. Functional occlusion: I. A review. J Orthod. 2001 Mar;28(1):76-81.

Suri L, Gagari E, Vastardis H. Delayed tooth eruption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. A literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Oct;126(4):432-45. 

 

Class I malocclusion

Kirchner J, Williams S. A comparison of five different methods for describing sagittal jaw relationship. Br J Orthod. 1993 Feb;20(1):13-7. 51.

Machado V, Botelho J, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Delgado A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on Bolton's ratios: Normal occlusion and malocclusion. J Orthod. 2020 Mar;47(1):7-29

Class II/1 malocclusion and functional appliances

Baccetti T, Franchi L, Toth LR, McNamara JA Jr. Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Aug;118(2):159-70. 

Batista KB, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O'Brien KD. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 13;3(3):CD003452. 

Bishara SE. Class II Malocclusions: Diagnostic and Clinical Considerations With and Without Treatment. Semin Orthod. 2006 March;12(1):11-24.

Burden DJ, McGuinness N, Stevenson M, McNamara T. Predictors of outcome among patients with class II division 1 malocclusion treated with fixed appliances in the permanent dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Oct;116(4):452-9.

Dolce C, McGorray SP, Brazeau L, King GJ, Wheeler TT. Timing of Class II treatment: skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Oct;132(4):481-9. 

Harrison JE, O'Brien KD, Worthington HV. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD003452.

Jambi S, Thiruvenkatachari B, O'Brien KD, Walsh T. Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 23;2013(10):CD008375.

Keeling SD, Wheeler TT, King GJ, Garvan CW, Cohen DA, Cabassa S, McGorray SP, Taylor MG. Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:40–50 41.     

Linjawi AI, Abbassy MA. Dentoskeletal effects of the forsus™ fatigue resistance device in the treatment of class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod Sci. 2018; 7:5. Published 2018 Feb 15

McSherry PF, Bradley H. Class II correction-reducing patient compliance: a review of the available techniques. J Orthod. 2000 Sep;27(3):219-25.

Mihalik CA, Proffit WR, Phillips C. Long-term follow-up of Class II adults treated with orthodontic camouflage: a comparison with orthognathic surgery outcomes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Mar;123(3):266-78. 

Nucera R, Militi A, Lo Giudice A, et al. Skeletal and Dental Effectiveness of Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Headgear: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2018;18(1):41-58.

O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, Sanjie Y, Mandall N, Chadwick S, Connolly I, Cook P, Birnie D, Hammond M, Harradine N, Lewis D, McDade C, Mitchell L, Murray A, O'Neill J, Read M, Robinson S, Roberts-Harry D, Sandler J, Shaw I. Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003a Sep;124(3):234-43; quiz 339

O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, Appelbe P, Davies L, Connolly I, Mitchell L, Littlewood S, Mandall N, Lewis D, Sandler J, Hammond M, Chadwick S, O'Neill J, McDade C, Oskouei M, Thiruvenkatachari B, Read M, Robinson S, Birnie D, Murray A, Shaw I, Harradine N, Worthington H. Early treatment for Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the Twin-block appliance: a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 May;135(5):573-9

Pacha MM, Fleming PS, Johal A. Complications, impacts, and success rates of different approaches to treatment of Class II malocclusion in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Oct;158(4):477-494.e7

Naini FB, Gill DS, Payne E, Keel B. Medium Opening Activator: design applications for the management of Class II deep overbite malocclusion. World J Orthod. 2007 Winter;8(4):e1-9. 

Roberts-Harry D, Sandler J, Shaw I, Berk NW. Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the Twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 2: Psychosocial effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Nov;124(5):488-94; discussion 494-5.

Schaefer AT, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L, Baccetti T. A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Jul;126(1):7-.

Schatz JP, Ostini E, Hakeberg M, Kiliaridis S. Large overjet as a risk factor of traumatic dental injuries: a prospective longitudinal study. Prog Orthod. 2020 Nov 9;21(1):41.

Siara-Olds NJ, Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Berger J, Bayirli B. Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances. Angle Orthod. 2010 Jan;80(1):18-29.

Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, Worthington HV, O'Brien KD. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Nov 13;(11):CD003452.

Tulloch JF, Proffit WR, Phillips C. Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class II treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Jun;125(6):657-67. 

Voudouris JC, Woodside DG, Altuna G, Kuftinec MM, Angelopoulos G, Bourque PJ. Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during herbst treatment, part 1. New technological methods. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Jun;123(6):604-13. 

Witwit S. Early Treatment of Severe Class II Division 1 Malocclusions. Ortho Update 2018;11:141–143

 

Class II/2 malocclusion

Al-Khateeb EA, Al-Khateeb SN. Anteroposterior and vertical components of class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2009 Sep;79(5):859-66. 

Basdra EK, Kiokpasoglou M, Stellzig A. The Class II Division 2 craniofacial type is associated with numerous congenital tooth anomalies. Eur J Orthod. 2000 Oct;22(5):529-35. 

Dyer FM, McKeown HF, Sandler PJ. The modified twin block appliance in the treatment of Class II division 2 malocclusions. J Orthod. 2001 Dec;28(4):271-80.

Goldstein BJ, Veitz-Keenan A. Extraction or non-extraction treatment for Class II division 2 malocclusion? Evid Based Dent. 2018 Oct;19(3):88-89.

Lapatki BG et al., 2002, The importance of the level of the lip line and resting lip pressure in Class II, division 2 malocclusion, J Dent Res, 81 ;323-328.

Leighton BC, Adams CP. Incisor inclination in class 2 division 2 malocclusions. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8( 2):98–105

McIntyre GT, Millett DT (2003) Crown-root shape of permanent maxillary incisors. Angle Orthod 73:710–715.

Millett DT, Cunningham SJ, O'Brien KD, Benson P, Williams A, de Oliveira CM. Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD005972

Millett DT, Cunningham SJ, O'Brien KD, Benson PE, de Oliveira CM. Treatment and stability of class II division 2 malocclusion in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Aug;142(2):159-169.e9.

Millett DT, Cunningham SJ, O'Brien KD, Benson PE, de Oliveira CM. Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;2(2):CD005972

Mills JR. The problem of overbite in Class II, division 2 malocclusion. Br J Orthod. 1973 Aug;1(1):34-48

Mills JR. The stability of the lower labial segment. A cephalometric survey. Dent Pract Dent Rec. 1968 Apr;18(8):293-306. 

Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Class II Division 2 malocclusion: a heritable pattern of small teeth in well-developed jaws. Angle Orthod. 1998 Feb;68(1):9-20

Selwyn-Barnett BJ. Rationale of treatment for Class II division 2 malocclusion. Br J Orthod. 1991 Aug;18(3):173-81.

Selwyn-Barnett BJ. Class II/Division 2 malocclusion: a method of planning and treatment. Br J Orthod. 1996 Feb;23(1):29-36. 

 

Class III malocclusion

Kama JD, Ozer T, Baran S. Orthodontic and orthopaedic changes associated with treatment in subjects with Class III malocclusions. Eur J Orthod. 2006 Oct;28(5):496-502. 5.

Mandall N, DiBiase A, Littlewood S, Nute S, Stivaros N, McDowall R, Shargill I, Worthington H, Cousley R, Dyer F, Mattick R, Doherty B. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 15-month follow-up. J Orthod. 2010 Sep;37(3):149-61.

Mandall AN, Cousley R, DiBiase A, Dyer F, Littlewood S, Mattick R, Nute S, Doherty B, Stivaros N, McDowall R, Shargill I, Ahmad A, Walsh T, Worthington H. Is early Class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. J Orthod. 2012 Sep;39(3):176-85.

Mandall N, Cousley R, DiBiase A, Dyer F, Littlewood S, Mattick R, Nute SJ, Doherty B, Stivaros N, McDowall R, Shargill I, Worthington HV. Early class III protraction facemask treatment reduces the need for orthognathic surgery: a multi-centre, two-arm parallel randomized, controlled trial. J Orthod. 2016 Sep;43(3):164-75.

Ngan P, Yiu C. Evaluation of treatment and posttreatment changes of protraction facemask treatment using the PAR index. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Oct;118(4):414-20.

Toffol LD, Pavoni C, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Cozza P. Orthopedic treatment outcomes in Class III malocclusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2008 May;78(3):561-73.

Turley PK. Managing the developing Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002 Oct;122(4):349-52. 

Vaughn GA, Mason B, Moon HB, Turley PK. The effects of maxillary protraction therapy with or without rapid palatal expansion: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Sep;128(3):299-309.

 

Bimaxillary proclination

Bills DA, Handelman CS, BeGole EA. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: traits and orthodontic correction. Angle Orthod. 2005 May;75(3):333-9.

Keating PJ. Bimaxillary protrusion in the Caucasian: a cephalometric study of the morphological features. Br J Orthod. 1985 Oct;12(4):193-201.

Keating PJ. The treatment of bimaxillary protrusion. A cephalometric consideration of changes in the inter-incisal angle and soft tissue profile. Br J Orthod. 1986 Oct;13(4):209-20. 35.

Leonardi R, Annunziata A, Licciardello V, Barbato E. Soft tissue changes following the extraction of premolars in nongrowing patients with bimaxillary protrusion. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2010 Jan;80(1):211-6.

 

Anterior open bite

Cangialosi TJ. Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod. 1984 Jan;85(1):28-36.

Cousley RR. Molar intrusion in the management of anterior open bite and 'high angle' Class II malocclusions. J Orthod. 2014 Sep;41 Suppl 1:S39-46.

Greenlee GM, Huang GJ, Chen SS, Chen J, Koepsell T, Hujoel P. Stability of treatment for anterior open-bite malocclusion: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Feb;139(2):154-69.

Kim YH. Overbite depth indicator with particular reference to anterior open-bite. Am J Orthod. 1974 Jun;65(6):586-611.

Kim YH. Anterior openbite and its treatment with multiloop edgewise archwire. Angle Orthod. 1987 Oct;57(4):290-321. 13

Kim YH, Han UK, Lim DD, Serraon ML. Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: A cephalometric follow-up study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Jul;118(1):43-54

 

High angle cases

Ghafari JG, Macari A. Component Analysis of Predominantly Vertical Occlusal Problems Semin Orthod. 2013;19(4):227–238.

Sankey WL, Buschang PH, English J, Owen AH 3rd. Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Sep;118(3):317-27.

 

Deep bite

Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. Longitudinal growth changes in subjects with deepbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Aug;140(2):202-9.

Burstone CR. Deep overbite correction by intrusion. Am J Orthod. 1977 Jul;72(1):1-22. 

Senışık NE, Türkkahraman H. Treatment effects of intrusion arches and mini-implant systems in deep bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Jun;141(6):723-33. 

 

Asymmetries

An K, Jang I, Choi DS, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Cha BK. Identification of a stable reference area for superimposing mandibular digital models. J Orofac Orthop. 2015; 76(6):508–519.

Bishara SE, Burkey PS, Kharouf JG. Dental and facial asymmetries: a review. Angle Orthod. 1994;64(2):89-98. 

van Steenbergen E, Nanda R. Biomechanics of orthodontic correction of dental asymmetries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Jun;107(6):618-24.

 

Cleft lip an palate

Ali R, Nixon PJ, Chan MFW-Y. Restorative Management of the Cleft Patient: CLP Series

Part 10. Ortho Update 2014; 7: 42–47

Bush JO, Jiang R. Palatogenesis: morphogenetic and molecular mechanisms of secondary palate development. Development. 2012 Jan;139(2):231-43. doi: 10.1242/dev.067082. Erratum in: Development. 2012 Feb;139(4):828.

Cash AC. Orthodontic treatment in the management of cleft lip and palate. Front Oral Biol. 2012;16:111-23.

Deery C. The Care and Management of the Primary and Mixed Dentitions in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate. Ortho Update 2012; 5: 102–105.

Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Mar;12(3):167-78.

Gillgrass TJ, Gowans AJ. The Management of Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate: Part 1. Ortho Update 2012; 5: 6–8.

Gillgrass TJ, Devlin M. Primary Surgery in Cleft Lip and Palate Part 5. Ortho Update 2013;6: 10–12.

Gillgrass TJ, Devlin M, Gowans AJ. Alveolar Bone Grafting: CLP Series Part 7. Ortho Update 2013; 6: 78–80.

Gillgrass TJ. Orthodontic Input for Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: CLP Series Part 8. Ortho Update 2013; 6: 102–108.

Hammond V. Longitudinal Involvement of the Psychologist in Services for People Born with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: CLP Series Part 3. Ortho Update 2012; 5: 78–81.

Kindelan JD, Nashed RR, Bromige MR. Radiographic assessment of secondary autogenous alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997 May;34(3):195-8.

Knox J, Extence H, Hammond V, Hunt J, Sugar A. The Orthognathic Management of Cleft Lip and Palate Skeletal Discrepancy: CLP Series Part 9. Ortho Update 2014; 7: 15–22.

Markovic MD (1992) At the cross-roads of orofacial genetics. Eur J Orthod 14:469–481.

Masarei AG, Wade A, Mars M, Sommerlad BC, Sell D. A randomized control trial investigating the effect of presurgical orthopedics on feeding in infants with cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007 Mar;44(2):182-93. 

Nayak J. An overview of speech and language therapy in a cleft lip and palate team part 6. Ortho Update 2013;6(2):44–46.

Shaw WC, Brattström V, Mølsted K, Prahl-Andersen B, Roberts CT, Semb G. The Eurocleft study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 5: discussion and conclusions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005 Jan;42(1):93-8.

Sandy J, Williams A, Mildinhall S, Murphy T, Bearn D, Shaw B, Sell D, Devlin B, Murray J. The Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG) Cleft Lip and Palate Study. Br J Orthod. 1998 Feb;25(1):21-30. 

Wynne DM, Gillgrass TJ. Role of the Ear Nose and Throat Specialist within the Multidisciplinary Cleft Team: CLP Series Part 11. Ortho Update 2014; 7: 78–81

 

Hypodontia

Khalaf K, Miskelly J, Voge E, Macfarlane TV. Prevalence of hypodontia and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod. 2014 Dec;41(4):299-316.

Pjetursson BE, Thoma D, Jung R, Zwahlen M, Zembic A. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) after a mean observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Oct;23 Suppl 6:22-38.

Qadri S, Parkin NA, Benson PE. Space closing versus space opening for bilateral missing upper laterals - aesthetic judgments of laypeople: a web-based survey. J Orthod. 2016 Jun;43(2):137-46.

Rosa M, Zachrisson BU. The space-closure alternative for missing maxillary lateral incisors: an update. J Clin Orthod. 2010 Sep;44(9):540-9; quiz 561.

Rosa M, Lucchi P, Ferrari S, Zachrisson BU, Caprioglio A. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: Long-term periodontal and functional evaluation after orthodontic space closure with first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016 Mar;149(3):339-48.

Spear FM, Mathews DM, Kokich VG. Interdisciplinary management of single-tooth implants. Semin Orthod. 1997 Mar;3(1):45-72. 

Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: new discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Jun;117(6):650-6. 

 

Impacted maxillary canine

Alqerban A, Willems G, Bernaerts C, Vangastel J, Politis C, Jacobs R. Orthodontic treatment planning for impacted maxillary canines using conventional records versus 3D CBCT. Eur J Orthod. 2014 Dec;36(6):698-707.

Armstrong C, Johnston C, Burden D, Stevenson M. Localizing ectopic maxillary canines--horizontal or vertical parallax? Eur J Orthod. 2003 Dec;25(6):585-9.

Baccetti T, Leonardi M, Armi P. A randomized clinical study of two interceptive approaches to palatally displaced canines. Eur J Orthod. 2008 Aug;30(4):381-5.

Bedoya MM, Park JH. A review of the diagnosis and management of impacted maxillary canines. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Dec;140(12):1485-93.

Bishara SE. Impacted maxillary canines: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992 Feb;101(2):159-71.

Ericson S, Kurol J. Radiographic assessment of maxillary canine eruption in children with clinical signs of eruption disturbance. Eur J Orthod. 1986 Aug;8(3):133-40.

Ericson S, Kurol J. Radiographic examination of ectopically erupting maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:483–492.

Ericson S, Kurol J. Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. Eur J Orthod. 1988 Nov;10(4):283-95. 

Ericson S, Kurol J. Incisor root resorptions due to ectopic maxillary canines imaged by computerized tomography: a comparative study in extracted teeth. Angle Orthod. 2000 Aug;70(4):276-83.

Ericson S, Kurol PJ. Resorption of incisors after ectopic eruption of maxillary canines: a CT study. Angle Orthod. 2000 Dec;70(6):415-23.

Jacobs SG. Localization of the unerupted maxillary canine: how to and when to. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Mar;115(3):314-22. 

Kokich VG. Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Sep;126(3):278-83.

Lindauer SJ, Rubenstein LK, Hang WM, Andersen WC, Isaacson RJ. Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs. J Am Dent Assoc. 1992 Mar;123(3):91-2, 95-7. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0069. Erratum in: J Am Dent Assoc 1992 May;123(5):16.

Parkin N, Benson PE, Thind B, Shah A. Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Oct 8;(4):CD006966

Parkin N, Furness S, Shah A, Thind B, Marshman Z, Glenroy G, Dyer F, Benson PE. Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD004621

Schmidt AD, Kokich VG. Periodontal response to early uncovering, autonomous eruption, and orthodontic alignment of palatally impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Apr;131(4):449-55.

 

Cephalometrics

Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod. 1971 Aug;60(2):111-27.

Baumrind S, Frantz RC. The reliability of head film measurements. 2. Conventional angular and linear measures. Am J Orthod. 1971 Nov;60(5):505-17. 

Brown M. Eight methods of analysing a cephalogram to establish anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. Br J Orthod. 1981 Jul;8(3):139-46. 

Hamdan AM, Rock WP. Cephalometric norms in an Arabic population. J Orthod. 2001 Dec;28(4):297-300. 

Hamdan AM. Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2010 Jan;80(1):80-5. 

Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod. 1983;84:1–28.

Houston WJ. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983 May;83(5):382-90. 

Jacobson A. The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony. Am J Orthod. 1975 Feb;67(2):125-38.

Sassouni V. A roentgenographic cephalometric analysis of cephalo-facio-dental relationships. Am J Orthod. 1955;41:735–64.

Sassouni VA. A classification of skeletal facial types. Am J Orthod.1969;55:109-123.

Solow B, Tallgren A. Natural head position in standing subjects. Acta Odontol Scand. 1971 Nov;29(5):591-607.

Steiner C. The use of cephalometrics as an aid to planning and assessing orthodontic treatment: Report of a case. Am J Orthod. 1960 Oct;46(10):721-35.

 

Space analysis

Al-Abdallah M, Sandler J, O'Brien K. Is the Royal London Space Analysis reliable and does it influence orthodontic treatment decisions? Eur J Orthod. 2008 Oct;30(5):503-7. 

Al-Bitar ZB, Al-Omari IK, Sonbol HN, Al-Ahmad HT, Hamdan AM. Mixed dentition analysis in a Jordanian population. Angle Orthod. 2008 Jul;78(4):670-5. 

Al-Khateeb SN, Abu Alhaija ES. Tooth size discrepancies and arch parameters among different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample. Angle Orthod. 2006 May;76(3):459-65. 

Al-Omari IK, Al-Bitar ZB, Hamdan AM. Tooth size discrepancies among Jordanian schoolchildren. Eur J Orthod. 2008 Oct;30(5):527-31.

Carty O, Creaven V, Hennessy j, Al-Awadhi EA. A Manual for Space Analysis in the Mixed Dentition. Orth Update 2015; 8: 118-125

Kirschen RH, O'higgins EA, Lee RT. The Royal London Space Planning: an integration of space analysis and treatment planning: Part I: Assessing the space required to meet treatment objectives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Oct;118(4):448-55.

Kirschen RH, O'Higgins EA, Lee RT. The Royal London Space Planning: an integration of space analysis and treatment planning: Part II: The effect of other treatment procedures on space. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Oct;118(4):456-61

McSwiney TP, Millett D,  McIntyre GT. Diagnosis and Management of Tooth Size Discrepancies in Orthodontic Patients. Orth Update. 2013;6:17-20.

O'Higgins EA, Lee RT. How much space is created from expansion or premolar extraction? J Orthod. 2000 Mar;27(1):11-3. 

Othman SA, Harradine NW. Tooth-size discrepancy and Bolton's ratios: a literature review. J Orthod. 2006 Mar;33(1):45-51; discussion 29.

 

Indices

Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod. 1989 Aug;11(3):309-20. 

Buchanan IB, Shaw WC, Richmond S, O'Brien KD, Andrews M. A comparison of the reliability and validity of the PAR Index and Summers' Occlusal Index. Eur J Orthod. 1993 Feb;15(1):27-31.

Daniels C, Richmond S. The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). J Orthod. 2000 Jun;27(2):149-62. doi: 10.1093/ortho/27.2.149. Erratum in: J Orthod 2002 Mar;29(1):81.

DeGuzman L, Bahiraei D, Vig KW, Vig PS, Weyant RJ, O'Brien K. The validation of the Peer Assessment Rating index for malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Feb;107(2):172-6. 

Fox NA, Daniels C, Gilgrass T. A comparison of the index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) with the peer assessment rating (PAR) and the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Br Dent J. 2002 Aug 24;193(4):225-30.

Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554–563

 

Interceptive orthodontic treatment

Ahmad S, Bister D, Cobourne MT. The clinical features and aetiological basis of primary eruption failure. Eur J Orthod. 2006 Dec;28(6):535-40.

Al-Bitar ZB, Al-Omari IK, Sonbol HN, Al-Ahmad HT, Cunningham SJ. Bullying among Jordanian schoolchildren, its effects on school performance, and the contribution of general physical and dentofacial features. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 Dec;144(6):872-8. 

Al-Khateeb S, Al-Nimri K, Alhaija EA. Factors affecting coronal fracture of anterior teeth in North Jordanian children. Dent Traumatol. 2005 Feb;21(1):26-8. 

Bjerklin K, Bennett J. The long-term survival of lower second primary molars in subjects with agenesis of the premolars. Eur J Orthod. 2000 Jun;22(3):245-55.

Borrie F, Bearn D. Interceptive orthodontics--current evidence-based best practice. Dent Update. 2013 Jul-Aug;40(6):442-4, 446-8, 450.

Borrie FR, Bearn DR, Innes NP, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z. Interventions for the cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 31;(3):CD008694.

Brennan MM, Gianelly AA. The use of the lingual arch in the mixed dentition to resolve incisor crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Jan;117(1):81-5. 

Crawford NL, Murray AM, Sandler PJ. Space maintenance - indications and illustrated cases. Orth Update. 2008;1:22-26.

DiBiase A. The timing of orthodontic treatment. Dent Update. 2002 Nov;29(9):434-41.

Gianelly AA. Leeway space and the resolution of crowding in the mixed dentition. Semin Orthod. 1995 Sep;1(3):188-94.

Peck S, Peck L. Classification of maxillary tooth transpositions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 May;107(5):505-17. 

Shah A, Gill DS, Tredwin C, Naini FB. Diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth. Dent Update. 2008 Oct;35(8):510-2, 514-6, 519-20. 

Tieu LD, Walker SL, Major MP, Flores-Mir C. Management of ankylosed primary molars with premolar successors: a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013 Jun;144(6):602-11.

 

Treatment of crossbites

Agostino P, Ugolini A, Signori A, Silvestrini-Biavati A, Harrison JE, Riley P. Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 8;(8):CD000979. 

Bishara SE, Staley RN. Maxillary expansion: clinical implications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.1987;91:3–14

Brierley CA, Sandler J. Managing the transverse dimension. Orth Update. 2017;10:86-94.

Geran RG, McNamara JA Jr, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Shapiro LM. A prospective long-term study on the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in the early mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006 May;129(5):631-40.

Haas AJ. Long-term posttreatment evaluation of rapid palatal expansion. Angle Orthod. 1980;50:189–217

Lee RT. Arch width and form: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Mar;115(3):305-13.

McNamara JA Jr, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Herberger TA. Rapid maxillary expansion followed by fixed appliances: a long-term evaluation of changes in arch dimensions. Angle Orthod. 2003 Aug;73(4):344-53. 

Oliveira De Felippe NL, Da Silveira AC, Viana G, Kusnoto B, Smith B, Evans CA. Relationship between rapid maxillary expansion and nasal cavity size and airway resistance: short- and long-term effects. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Sep;134(3):370-82.

Suri L, Taneja P. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Feb;133(2):290-302.

Vargo J, Buschang PH, Boley JC, English JD, Behrents RG, Owen AH 3rd. Treatment effects and short-term relapse of maxillomandibular expansion during the early to mid-mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Apr;131(4):456-63.

Wiedel AP, Bondemark L. Fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances to correct anterior crossbite in the mixed dentition--a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2015a Apr;37(2):123-7.

Wiedel AP, Bondemark L. Stability of anterior crossbite correction: a randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up. Angle Orthod. 2015b Mar;85(2):189-95.

Zuccati G, Casci S, Doldo T, Clauser C. Expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite: a systematic review of RCTs in the last 12 years. Eur J Orthod. 2013 Feb;35(1):29-37.

 

Anchorage

Diar-Bakirly S, Feres MF, Saltaji H, Flores-Mir C, El-Bialy T. Effectiveness of the transpalatal arch in controlling orthodontic anchorage in maxillary premolar extraction cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2017; 87(1):147–158.

Fernández-González FJ, Cañigral A, Balbontín-Ayala F, et al. Experimental evidence of pharmacological management of anchorage in Orthodontics: A systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod. 2015; 20(5):58–65.

Grec RH, Janson G, Branco NC, Moura-Grec PG, Patel MP, Castanha Henriques JF. Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 May;143(5):602-15.

Kokich VG. Managing complex orthodontic problems: the use of implants for anchorage. Semin Orthod. 1996 Jun;2(2):153-60.

Malik DES, Fida M, Afzal E, Irfan S. Comparison of anchorage loss between conventional and self-ligating brackets during canine retraction - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthod. 2020; 18(1):41–53.

Melsen B, Verna C. A rational approach to orthodontic anchorage. Prog Orthod. 2000; 1(1):10-22.

Naish HJ, Dunbar C, Atack NE, Williams JC, Sandy JR, Ireland AJ. The control of unwanted tooth movement - an overview of orthodontic anchorage. Orth Update. 2015;8:42-54.

Ng J, Major PW, Heo G, Flores-Mir C. True incisor intrusion attained during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Aug;128(2):212-9. 

Rebellato J, Lindauer SJ,Rubenstein LK, Isaacson RJ, Davidovitch M, Vroom K. Lower arch perimeter preservation using the lingual arch. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997; 112(4):449–456.

Sandler J, Murray A, Thiruvenkatachari B, Gutierrez R, Speight P, O'Brien K. Effectiveness of 3 methods of anchorage reinforcement for maximum anchorage in adolescents: A 3-arm multicenter randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014 Jul;146(1):10-20.

Schneider PP, Gandini Junior LG, Monini ADC, Pinto ADS, Kim KB. Comparison of anterior retraction and anchorage control between en masse retraction and two-step retraction: A randomized prospective clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(2):190–199.

Xu TM. New concept of physiologic anchorage control. APOS Trends Orthod. 2015;5(6):250-4.

 

Extraction versus non-extraction

Bowman SJ, Johnston LE Jr. The esthetic impact of extraction and nonextraction treatments on Caucasian patients. Angle Orthod. 2000 Feb;70(1):3-10.

Dinçer B, Yetkiner E, Aras I, Attin T, Attin R. Influence of lateral cephalometric radiographs on extraction decision in skeletal class I patients. Head Face Med. 2013 Dec 4;9:36. 

Gianelly AA. Arch width after extraction and nonextraction treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Jan;123(1):25-8.

Kim E, Gianelly AA. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2003 Aug;73(4):354-8.

Kouvelis G, Dritsas K, Doulis I, Kloukos D, Gkantidis N. Effect of orthodontic treatment with 4 premolar extractions compared with nonextraction treatment on the vertical dimension of the face: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Aug;154(2):175-187.

Paquette DE, Beattie JR, Johnston LE Jr. A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in "borderline" Class II patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992 Jul;102(1):1-14.

Sandler PJ, Atkinson R, Murray AM. For four sixes. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Apr;117(4):418-34.

 

Fixed appliance therapy

Andrews LF. The straight-wire appliance. Br J Orthod. 1979 Jul;6(3):125-43.

Dixon V, Read MJ, O'Brien KD, Worthington HV, Mandall NA. A randomized clinical trial to compare three methods of orthodontic space closure. J Orthod. 2002 Mar;29(1):31-6. 

Fleming PS, Johal A, Pandis N. The effectiveness of laceback ligatures during initial orthodontic alignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2013 Aug;35(4):539-46. 

Ireland AJ, Songra G, Clover M, Atack NE, Sherriff M, Sandy JR. Effect of gender and Frankfort mandibular plane angle on orthodontic space closure: a randomized controlled trial. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2016 May;19(2):74-82. 

Lee RT. Arch width and form: a review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Mar;115(3):305-13.

Lindauer SJ, Browning H, Shroff B, Marshall F, Anderson RH, Moon PC. Effect of pumice prophylaxis on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997 Jun;111(6):599-605. .

Long H, Zhou Y, Lai W. The effectiveness of laceback ligatures during initial orthodontic alignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2013; 35(4):547–548. 55.

Mandall N, Lowe C, Worthington H, Sandler J, Derwent S, Abdi-Oskouei M, Ward S. Which orthodontic archwire sequence? A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2006 Dec;28(6):561-6 60.

Magnusson C, Kjellberg H. Impaction and retention of second molars: diagnosis, treatment and outcome. A retrospective follow-up study. Angle Orthod. 2009 May;79(3):422-7.

Nattrass C, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M. An investigation into the placement of force delivery systems and the initial forces applied by clinicians during space closure. Br J Orthod. 1997 May;24(2):127-31

O'Brien K, Lewis D, Shaw W, Combe E. A clinical trial of aligning archwires. Eur J Orthod. 1990 Nov;12(4):380-4

Papageorgiou SN, Konstantinidis I, Papadopoulou K, Jäger A, Bourauel C. Clinical effects of  pre-adjusted edgewise orthodontic brackets: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2014 Jun;36(3):350-63.

Samuels RH, Rudge SJ, Mair LH. A clinical study of space closure with nickel-titanium closed coil springs and an elastic module. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Jul;114(1):73-9.

Savoldi F, Papoutsi A, Dianiskova S, et al. Resistance to sliding in orthodontics: misconception or method error? A systematic review and a proposal of a test protocol. Korean J Orthod. 2018; 48(4):268–280.

Sueri MY, Turk T. Effectiveness of laceback ligatures on maxillary canine retraction. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76(6):1010–1014.

Talapaneni AK, Supraja G, Prasad M, Kommi PB. Comparison of sagittal and vertical dental changes during first phase of orthodontic treatment with MBT vs ROTH prescription. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23(2):182–186.

Theodorou CI, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Bronkhorst EM, Wagener FADTG. Optimal force magnitude for bodily orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019; 156(5):582–592.

Yassir YA, El-Angbawi AM, McIntyre GT, Revie GF, Bearn DR. A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot orthodontic bracket systems: part 1-duration of treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2019 Mar 29;41(2):133-142.

Yassir YA, El-Angbawi AM, McIntyre GT, Revie GF, Bearn DR. A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot orthodontic bracket systems: part 2-quality of treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2019 Mar 29;41(2):143-153.

 

Other orthodontic appliances

Chen SS, Greenlee GM, Kim JE, Smith CL, Huang GJ. Systematic review of self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jun;137(6):726.e1-726.e18.

Fleming PS, DiBiase AT, Sarri G, Lee RT. Comparison of mandibular arch changes during alignment and leveling with 2 preadjusted edgewise appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Sep;136(3):340-7.

Fleming PS, DiBiase AT, Lee RT. Randomized clinical trial of orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jun;137(6):738-42. 

Hennessy J, Al-Awadhi EA. Clear aligners generations and orthodontic tooth movement. J Orthod. 2016 Mar;43(1):68-76. 

Montasser MA. Self-ligating bracket claims. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Nov;138(5):532-3.

Rossini G, Parrini S, Castroflorio T, Deregibus A, Debernardi CL. Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2015 Sep;85(5):881-9.

 

 

Headgear

Bowden DE. Theoretical considerations of headgear therapy: a literature review. 1. Mechanical principles. Br J Orthod. 1978;5(3):145-152.

Bowden DE. Theoretical considerations of headgear therapy: a literature review. 2. Clinical response and usage. Br J Orthod. 1978;5(4):173-181.

Papageorgiou SN, Kutschera E, Memmert S, et al. Effectiveness of early orthopaedic treatment with headgear: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(2):176-187

 

Temporary anchorage devices

Alharbi F, Almuzian M, Bearn D. Anchorage effectiveness of orthodontic miniscrews compared to headgear and transpalatal arches: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2019 Mar;77(2):88-98. 

Antoszewska-Smith J, Sarul M, Łyczek J, Konopka T, Kawala B. Effectiveness of orthodontic miniscrew implants in anchorage reinforcement during en-masse retraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017 Mar;151(3):440-455.

Benson PE, Tinsley D, O'Dwyer JJ, Majumdar A, Doyle P, Sandler PJ. Midpalatal implants vs headgear for orthodontic anchorage--a randomized clinical trial: cephalometric results. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Nov;132(5):606-15.

Chen Y, Kyung HM, Zhao WT, Yu WJ. Critical factors for the success of orthodontic mini-implants: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Mar;135(3):284-91. 

Cousley R. Critical aspects in the use of orthodontics palatal implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127:723–9.

Coulsey RJ. Mini-implants in contemporary orthodontics part 1: Recent evidence on factors affecting clinical success. Orth Update. 2015a;8:6-12.

Coulsey RJ. Mini-implants in contemporary orthodontics part 2: Clinical applications and optimal biomechanics. Orth Update. 2015b;8:56-61.

Crismani AG, Bertl MH, Celar AG, Bantleon HP, Burstone CJ. Miniscrews in orthodontic treatment: review and analysis of published clinical trials. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Jan;137(1):108-13. 

Jambi S, Walsh T, Sandler J, Benson PE, Skeggs RM, O'Brien KD. Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 19;2014(8):CD005098. 

Melsen B. Mini-implants: Where are we? J Clin Orthod. 2005 Sep;39(9):539-47

Nishimura M, Sannohe M, Nagasaka H, Igarashi K, Sugawara J. Nonextraction treatment with temporary skeletal anchorage devices to correct a Class II Division 2 malocclusion with excessive gingival display. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014 Jan;145(1):85-94. 

Papageorgiou SN, Zogakis IP, Papadopoulos MA. Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Nov;142(5):577-595.e7. 

Park HS, Jeong SH, Kwon OW. Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:18–25.

Prabhu J, Cousley RR. Current products and practice: bone anchorage devices in orthodontics. J Orthod. 2006 Dec;33(4):288-307. 

Skeggs RM, Benson PE, Dyer F. Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD005098.

Sosly R, Mohammed H, Rizk MZ, Jamous E, Qaisi AG, Bearn DR. Effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary incisor intrusion in deep-bite correction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2020 Mar;90(2):291-304.

Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Patil S. Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Jul;134(1):18-29.e1. 

Upadhyay M, Yadav S, Nagaraj K, Uribe F, Nanda R. Mini-implants vs fixed functional appliances for treatment of young adult Class II female patients: a prospective clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2012 Mar;82(2):294-303. 

 

Retention and stability

Al-Moghrabi D, Johal A, O'Rourke N, Donos N, Pandis N, Gonzales-Marin C, Fleming PS. Effects of fixed vs removable orthodontic retainers on stability and periodontal health: 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Aug;154(2):167-174.e1. 

Bailey L, Cevidanes LH, Proffit WR. Stability and predictability of orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Sep;126(3):273-7.

Booth FA, Edelman JM, Proffit WR. Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Jan;133(1):70-6.

Chamberland S, Proffit WR. Short-term and long-term stability of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion revisited. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Jun;139(6):815-822.e1.

de la Cruz A, Sampson P, Little RM, Artun J, Shapiro PA. Long-term changes in arch form after orthodontic treatment and retention. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 May;107(5):518-30.

Edwards JG. A long-term prospective evaluation of the circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in alleviating orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988 May;93(5):380-7.

Little RM, Riedel RA, Artun J. An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988 May;93(5):423-8.

Little RM, Riedel RA, Stein A. Mandibular arch length increase during the mixed dentition: postretention evaluation of stability and relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:393–404 46.

Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DR, Worthington HV. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD002283.

Richardson ME. Late lower arch crowding: the aetiology reviewed. Dent Update. 2002 Jun;29(5):234-8. 

Rowland H, Hichens L, Williams A, Hills D, Killingback N, Ewings P, Clark S, Ireland AJ, Sandy JR. The effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Dec;132(6):730-7.

Viglianisi A. Effects of lingual arch used as space maintainer on mandibular arch dimension: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Oct;138(4):382.e1-382.e4.

Yu Y, Sun J, Lai W, Wu T, Koshy S, Shi Z. Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 6;(9):CD008734.

 

Root resorption

Currell SD, Liaw A, Blackmore Grant PD, Esterman A, Nimmo A. Orthodontic mechanotherapies and their influence on external root resorption: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019 Mar;155(3):313-329.

Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10:30–38.

Kaklamanos EG, Makrygiannakis MA, Athanasiou AE. Does medication administration affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption development in humans? A systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2020 Sep 11;42(4):407-414. 42.

Linge L, Linge BO. Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;99:35–43 53.

Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Effects of systemic medication on root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of animal studies. Eur J Orthod. 2019 Aug 8;41(4):346-359

Owman-Moll P, Kurol J, Lundgren D. Continuous versus interrupted continuous orthodontic force related to early tooth movement and root resorption. Angle Orthod. 1995;65(6):395-401; discussion 401-2

Roscoe MG, Meira JB, Cattaneo PM. Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015 May;147(5):610-26. 

Segal GR, Schiffman PH, Tuncay OC. Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2004 May;7(2):71-8.

Weltman B, Vig KW, Fields HW, Shanker S, Kaizar EE. Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Apr;137(4):462-76; discussion 12A. 

 

White spot lesions

Al Maaitah EF, Adeyemi AA, Higham SM, Pender N, Harrison JE. Factors affecting demineralization during orthodontic treatment: a post-hoc analysis of RCT recruits. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Feb;139(2):181-91.

Benson PE, Shah AA, Millett DT, Dyer F, Parkin N, Vine RS. Fluorides, orthodontics and demineralization: a systematic review. J Orthod. 2005 Jun;32(2):102-14. 

Bock NC, Seibold L, Heumann C, Gnandt E, Röder M, Ruf S. Changes in white spot lesions following post-orthodontic weekly application of 1.25 per cent fluoride gel over 6 months-a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Part I: photographic data evaluation. Eur J Orthod. 2017 Apr 1;39(2):134-143.

Huang GJ, Roloff-Chiang B, Mills BE, Shalchi S, Spiekerman C, Korpak AM, Starrett JL, Greenlee GM, Drangsholt RJ, Matunas JC. Effectiveness of MI Paste Plus and PreviDent fluoride varnish for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013Jan;143(1):31-41.

Miller MJ, Bernstein S, Colaiacovo SL, Nicolay O, Cisneros GJ. Demineralized white spot lesions: An unmet challenge for orthodontists. Semin Orthod. 2016;22(3):193-204

 

Iatrogenic effects of orthodontic treatment

Bin Bahar BSK, Alkhalidy SR, Kaklamanos EG, Athanasiou AE. Do orthodontic patients develop more gingival recession in anterior teeth compared to untreated individuals? A systematic review of controlled studies. Int Orthod. 2020 Mar;18(1):1-9.

Hosein I, Sherriff M, Ireland AJ. Enamel loss during bonding, debonding, and cleanup with use of a self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Dec;126(6):717-24.

Stewart SB, Chamber CP, Sandy JR, Bo S, Ireland A. Orthodontic debonding: methods, risks and future developments. Orth Update. 2014;7:6-13

 

Pain in orthodontics

Bernhardt MK, Southard KA, Batterson KD, Logan HL, Baker KA, Jakobsen JR. The effect of preemptive and/or postoperative ibuprofen therapy for orthodontic pain. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jul;120(1):20-7

Fleming PS, Dibiase AT, Sarri G, Lee RT. Pain experience during initial alignment with a self-ligating and a conventional fixed orthodontic appliance system. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Angle Orthod. 2009 Jan;79(1):46-50.

Fleming PS, Strydom H, Katsaros C, MacDonald L, Curatolo M, Fudalej P, Pandis N. Non-pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 23;12(12):CD010263. 

Jones M, Chan C. The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial of two initial aligning arch wires. Am J Orthod  Dentofacial Orthop. 1992 Oct;102(4):373-81

Monk AB, Harrison JE, Worthington HV, Teague A. Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 28;11(11):CD003976

 

Effect of systemic diseases and management of medically compromised patients

Bartzela T, Türp JC, Motschall E, Maltha JC. Medication effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Jan;135(1):16-26. 

Leong JW, Kunzel C, Cangialosi TJ. Management of the American Heart Association's guidelines for orthodontic treatment of patients at risk for infective endocarditis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Sep;142(3):348-54. 

Patel A, Burden DJ, Sandler J. Medical disorders and orthodontics. J Orthod. 2009 Dec;36 Suppl:1-21. 

 

Orthodontic management of traumatized teeth

Arraj GP, Rossi-Fedele G, Doğramacı EJ. The association of overjet size and traumatic dental injuries-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2019 Oct;35(4-5):217-232. doi: 10.1111/edt.12481. Epub 2019 Jun 28. 

Kindelan SA, Day PF, Kindelan JD, Spencer JR, Duggal MS. Dental trauma: an overview of its influence on the management of orthodontic treatment. Part 1. J Orthod. 2008 Jun;35(2):68-78.

Day PF, Kindelan SA, Spencer JR, Kindelan JD, Duggal MS. Dental trauma: part 2. Managing poor prognosis anterior teeth--treatment options for the subsequent space in a growing patient. J Orthod. 2008 Sep;35(3):143-55. 

de Souza RF, Travess H, Newton T, Marchesan MA. Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Dec 16;2015(12):CD007820.

Steiner DR, West JD. Orthodontic-endodontic treatment planning of traumatized teeth. Semin Orthod. 1997 Mar;3(1):39-44. 

 

Friction

Braun S, Bluestein M, Moore BK, Benson G. Friction in perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Jun;115(6):619-27. 

Burrow SJ. Friction and resistance to sliding in orthodontics: a critical review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Apr;135(4):442-7. 

Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Influence of archwire and bracket dimensions on sliding mechanics: derivations and determinations of the critical contact angles for binding. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21(2):199–208

Prashant PS, Nandan H, Gopalakrishnan M. Friction in orthodontics. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015; 7(Suppl 2):S334-8

Tidy DC. Frictional forces in fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Sep;96(3):249-54.

 

Archwires

Jian F, Lai W, Furness S, McIntyre GT, Millett DT, Hickman J, Wang Y. Initial arch wires for tooth alignment during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;2013(4):CD007859. 

Kapila S, Sachdeva R. Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Aug;96(2):100-9. 27.

Kusy RP, Stevens LE. Triple-stranded stainless steel wires--evaluation of mechanical properties and comparison with titanium alloy alternatives. Angle Orthod. 1987 Jan;57(1):18-32. 28.      

Kusy RP. A review of contemporary archwires: their properties and characteristics. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(3):197-207.

Riley M, Bearn DR. A systematic review of clinical trials of aligning archwires. J Orthod. 2009 Mar;36(1):42-51; discussion 15.

Santoro M, Nicolay OF, Cangialosi TJ. Pseudoelasticity and thermoelasticity of nickel-titanium alloys: a clinically oriented review. Part I: Temperature transitional ranges. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jun;119(6):587-93. 

Santoro M, Nicolay OF, Cangialosi TJ. Pseudoelasticity and thermoelasticity of nickel-titanium alloys: a clinically oriented review. Part II: Deactivation forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jun;119(6):594-603.

 

Temporomandibular dysfunction

Huang GJ. Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular disorders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Aug;126(2):138-9.

Kim MR, Graber TM, Viana MA. Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002 May;121(5):438-46.

Luther F, Layton S, McDonald F. Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jul 7;(7):CD006541.

Luther F. TMD and occlusion part II. Damned if we don't? Functional occlusal problems: TMD epidemiology in a wider context. Br Dent J. 2007 Jan 13;202(1):E3; discussion 38-9. doi: 10.1038/bdj.2006.123. Erratum in: Br Dent J. 2007 Apr 28;202(8):474

Michelotti A, Iodice G. The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2010 May;37(6):411-29

Mohlin B, Axelsson S, Paulin G, Pietilä T, Bondemark L, Brattström V, Hansen K, Holm AK. TMD in relation to malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2007 May;77(3):542-8. 

 

Obstructive sleep apnoea 

Chan J, Edman JC, Koltai PJ. Obstructive sleep apnea in children. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1147-54. 

Johal A, Battagel JM. Current principles in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea          with mandibular advancement appliances. Br Dent J. 2001 May 26;190(10):532-6.

Biomechanics and orthodontic tooth movement

Quinn RS, Yoshikawa DK. A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1985 Sep;88(3):252-60

Ren Y, Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Optimum force magnitude for orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic literature review. Angle Orthod. 2003 Feb;73(1):86-92.

Roberts-Harry D, Sandy J. Orthodontics. Part 11: orthodontic tooth movement. Br Dent J. 2004 Apr 10;196(7):391-4; quiz 426.

 

Orthodontic materials

Ajlouni R, Bishara SE, Oonsombat C, Soliman M, Laffoon J. The effect of porcelain surface conditioning on bonding orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod. 2005 Sep;75(5):858-64. 

Aljubouri YD, Millett DT, Gilmour WH. Six and 12 months' evaluation of a self-etching primer versus two-stage etch and prime for orthodontic bonding: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Orthod. 2004 Dec;26(6):565-71. 

Bishara SE, VonWald L, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ. Effect of a self-etch primer/adhesive on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119:621–624.

Bishara SE, Oonsombat C, Soliman MM, Ajlouni R, Laffoon JF. The effect of tooth bleaching on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Dec;128(6):755-60.

Fleming PS, Johal A, Pandis N. Self-etch primers and conventional acid-etch technique for orthodontic bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 Jul;142(1):83-94. 

Kusy RP. Orthodontic biomaterials: from the past to the present. Angle Orthod. 2002 Dec;72(6):501-12 

Mandall NA, Millett DT, Mattick CR, Hickman J, Worthington HV, Macfarlane TV. Orthodontic adhesives: a systematic review. J Orthod. 2002 Sep;29(3):205-10; discussion 195.

Mandall NA, Hickman J, Macfarlane TV, Mattick RC, Millett DT, Worthington HV. Adhesives for fixed orthodontic brackets. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 9;4(4):CD002282.

Millett D, Mandall N, Hickman J, Mattick R, Glenny AM. Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands. A systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2009 Jan;79(1):193-9

 

Oral health-related quality of life orthodontic patients

Seehra J, Fleming PS, Newton T, DiBiase AT. Bullying in orthodontic patients and its relationship to malocclusion, self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life. J Orthod. 2011 Dec;38(4):247-56.

Tristão SKPC, Magno MB, Pintor AVB, Christovam IFO, Ferreira DMTP, Maia LC, de Souza IPR. Is there a relationship between malocclusion and bullying? A systematic review. Prog Orthod. 2020 Sep 1;21(1):26.

Adult orthodontics

Bollen AM, Cunha-Cruz J, Bakko DW, Huang GJ, Hujoel PP. The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: a systematic review of controlled evidence. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Apr;139(4):413-22. 

Charavet C, Lecloux G, Bruwier A, et al. Localized Piezoelectric Alveolar Decortication for Orthodontic Treatment in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dent Res. 2016; 95(9):1003–1009.

Johal A, Ide M. Orthodontics in the adult patient, with special reference to the periodontally compromised patient. Dent Update. 1999 Apr;26(3):101-4, 106-8. 

Mathews DP, Kokich VG. Managing treatment for the orthodontic patient with periodontal problems. Semin Orthod. 1997 Mar;3(1):21-38

McComb JL. Orthodontic treatment and isolated gingival recession: a review. Br J Orthod. 1994 May;21(2):151-9

Melsen B. Adult orthodontics: factors differentiating the selection of biomechanics in growing and adult individuals. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1988;3(3):167-77. 

Melsen B, Agerbaek N, Eriksen J, Terp S. New attachment through periodontal treatment and orthodontic intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988 Aug;94(2):104-16. 

Melsen B, Agerbaek N, Markenstam G. Intrusion of incisors in adult patients with marginal bone loss. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989 Sep;96(3):232-41. 

Thilander B, Odman J, Lekholm U. Orthodontic aspects of the use of oral implants in adolescents: a 10-year follow-up study. Eur J Orthod. 2001 Dec;23(6):715-31. 

 

Diagnosis and treatment planning

Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 Apr;103(4):299-312. 

Arnett GW, Gunson MJ. Facial planning for orthodontists and oral surgeons. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Sep;126(3):290-5

Atherton JD. The influence of the face height upon the incisor occlusion and lip posture. Dent Pract Dent Rec. 1965 Feb;15:227-31.

Bolton WA: Disharmony in tooth size and its relation to the analysis and treatment of malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1958;28(3):113-130.

Bolton WA. The clinical application of a tooth-size analysis. Am J Orthod. 1962;48(7):504-29.

Broadbent BH. The face of the normal child: Bolton standards and technique. Angle Orthod. 1937;7;183-233.

Devereux L, Moles D, Cunningham SJ, McKnight M. How important are lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic treatment planning? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Feb;139(2):e175-81. 

Downs WB. Variations in facial relationships; their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod. 1948 Oct;34(10):812-40. 

Dung DJ, Smith RJ. Cephalometric and clinical diagnoses of open bite tendency. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988 Dec;94(6):484-90.

Shah AA, Sandler J. Limiting factors in orthodontic treatment: 1. Factors related to patient, operator and orthodontic appliances. Dent Update. 2006 Jan-Feb;33(1):43-4, 46-8, 51-2.

Shah AA, Sandler J. Limiting factors in orthodontic treatment: 2. The biological limitations of orthodontic treatment. Dent Update. 2006 Mar;33(2):100-2, 105-6, 108-10.

Tweed CH. The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1946 Apr;32:175-230

 

Orthognathic surgery

Barber S, Carter L, Mannion C, Bates C. Distraction osteogensis Part 1: History and uses in the craniofacial region. Orth Update. 2018a;11:14-20

Barber S, Carter L, Mannion C, Bates C. Distraction osteogensis Part 2: Technical aspects. Orth Update. 2018a;11:46-54.

Northway WM, Meade JB Jr. Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: a comparison of technique, response, and stability. Angle Orthod. 1997;67(4):309-20. 

Proffit WR, Turvey TA, Phillips C. Orthognathic surgery: a hierarchy of stability. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1996;11(3):191-204

Proffit WR, Turvey TA, Phillips C. The hierarchy of stability and predictability in orthognathic surgery with rigid fixation: an update and extension. Head Face Med. 2007 Apr 30;3:21

Raposo R, Peleteiro B, Paço M, Pinho T. Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Apr;47(4):445-455.

Wolford LM, Karras SC, Mehra P. Considerations for orthognathic surgery during growth, part 1: mandibular deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Feb;119(2):95-101.

 

Smile and Aesthetics

Abu Arqoub SH, Al-Khateeb SN. Perception of facial profile attractiveness of different antero-posterior and vertical proportions. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Feb;33(1):103-11.

Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Aug;120(2):98-111.

Zachrisson BU. Facial esthetics: guide to tooth positioning and maxillary incisor display. World J Orthod. 2007 Fall;8(3):308-14. 

 

Orthodontic tooth movement and acceleration of tooth movement

Al-Areqi MM, Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Maaitah EF. Effect of piezocision on mandibular second molar protraction. Angle Orthod. 2020 May 1;90(3):347-353. 

Alfawal AMH, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Hamadah O, Brad B. Evaluation of piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy in the acceleration of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2018; 14(1):4. Published 2018 Feb 17.

Al-Imam GMF, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY, Al-Mdalal Y, Almashaal E. Evaluation of the effectiveness of piezocision-assisted flapless corticotomy in the retraction of four upper incisors: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Dent Med Probl. 2019; 56(4):385–394.

El-Angbawi A, McIntyre GT, Fleming PS, Bearn DR. Non-surgical adjunctive interventions for accelerating tooth movement in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 2015(11):CD010887. Published 2015 Nov 18.

Figueiredo DS, Houara RG, Pinto LM, et al. Effects of piezocision in orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review of comparative studies. J Clin Exp Dent. 2019; 11(11):e1078–e1092. Published 2019 Nov 1.

Fleming PS, Fedorowicz Z, Johal A, El-Angbawi A, Pandis N. Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 30;2015(6):CD010572. 

Long H, Pyakurel U, Wang Y, Liao L, Zhou Y, Lai W. Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2013 Jan;83(1):164-71.

Sivarajan S, Ringgingon LP, Fayed MMS, Wey MC. The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 Mar;157(3):290-304.

 

Digital orthodontics

De Luca Canto G, Pachêco-Pereira C, Lagravere MO, Flores-Mir C, Major PW. Intra-arch dimensional measurement validity of laser-scanned digital dental models compared with the original plaster models: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015 May;18(2):65-76. 

Ferreira JB, Christovam IO, Alencar DS, da Motta AFJ, Mattos CT, Cury-Saramago A. Accuracy and reproducibility of dental measurements on tomographic digital models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017 Oct;46(7):20160455. 

Ganzer N, Feldmann I, Liv P, Bondemark L. A novel method for superimposition and measurements on maxillary digital 3D models-studies on validity and reliability. Eur J Orthod. 2018; 40(1):45–51.

Rossini G, Parrini S, Castroflorio T, Deregibus A, Debernardi CL. Diagnostic accuracy and measurement sensitivity of digital models for orthodontic purposes: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016 Feb;149(2):161-70. 

 

Miscellaneous

Beau A, Bossard D, Gebeile-Chauty S. Magnetic resonance imaging artefacts and fixed orthodontic attachments. Eur J Orthod. 2015 Feb;37(1):105-10.

English JD, Buschang PH, Throckmorton GS. Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance? Angle Orthod. 2002 Feb;72(1):21-7.

Kokich VG, Spear FM. Guidelines for managing the orthodontic-restorative patient. Semin Orthod. 1997 Mar;3(1):3-20.

Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, Glenny AM. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jun 17;2014(6):CD002281.

Noar JH, Pabari S. Cone beam computed tomography--current understanding and evidence for its orthodontic applications? J Orthod. 2013 Mar;40(1):5-13. 

Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): clinical presentation, aetiology and management. Dent Update. 2004 Jan-Feb;31(1):9-12.

The following are the references including books and articles that any orthodontic candidate should read during her/his orthodontic 3 years of training, in addition to any extra readings provided by the institution.

 

 

List of books

1. Contemporary Orthodontics. Proffit W, Fields H, Larson B, Sarver D. 6th Edition. 2018 Mosby, USA

2. Excellence in Orthodontics 2016. Berny D, Nigel Harradine.

3. Postgraduate Notes in Orthodontics. 8^th Edition 2018.

4. Orthodontic Management of the Dentition with the Preadjusted Appliance (1997). John C. Bennett and Richard P. McLaughlin. Publisher: Isis Medical Media, Oxford, UK

5. The Orthodontic Patient: Treatment and Biomechanics. Ireland, A.J., McDonald, F., 2001. Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford.

6. Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. McLaughlin, R.P., Bennett, J.C., Trevisi, H.J., 2001. Mosby,St Louis.

7. Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. Williams, J.K., Cook, P.A., Isaacson, K.G., et al., 1995. Wright, Oxford.